Present Tense Stem Changing Verbs in Spanish


Stem changing verbs in the present tense in Spanish, are verbs that do not follow the regular verb patterns of conjugation. The stem changes verbs affects all person in the singular and plural with the exceptions of nosotros and vosotros.

Stem changing Verbs ending in -ar and -er in the Present Tense

In the present tense, stem changing verbs ending in -ar and -er are divided into two different groups. The changes occurs in all forms with the exceptions of nosotros and vosotros.

Verbs ending in -ar and –er with the stem vowel e change to ie.

PronounCerrar (to close)Empezar
(to start/begin)
Encender
(to light up)
Perder
(to lose/ miss)
Yocierroempiezoenciendopierdo
cierrasempiezasenciendespierdes
Él/Ella/Ustedcierraempiezaenciendepierde
Nosotros/nosotrascerramosempezamosencendemosperdemos
Vosotros/vosotrascerráisempezáisencendéisperdéis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedescierranempiezanenciendenpierden
Stem changing Verbs ending in -ar and -er in the Present Tense

Examples:

Mañana empiezo mis clases de español.
Tomorrow I start my Spanish classes.

Yo siempre pierdo las llaves.
I always lose my keys.

Verbs ending in -ar and –er with the stem vowel o change to ue.

PronounAlmorzar (to eat lunch)Volar (to fly)Poder (to be able to)Volver(to return)
Yoalmuerzovuelopuedovuelvo
almuerzasvuelaspuedasvuelves
Él/Ella/Ustedalmuerzavuelapuedavuelva
Nosotros/nosotrasalmorzamosvolamospodemosvolvemos
Vosotros/vosotrasalmorzáisvoláispodéisvolvéis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedesalmuerzanvuelanpuedanvuelvan
Stem changing Verbs ending in -ar and -er in the Present Tense

Examples:

Gloria almuerza a las 1:00 p.m.
Gloria eats lunch at 1:00 p.m.

¿Podéis ir a la tienda?
Can you go to the store?

Stem changing Verbs ending in -ir in the Present Tense

In the present tense, stem changing verbs ending in -ir are divided into three different groups. The changes occurs in all forms with the exceptions of nosotros and vosotros.

The conjugations follow:

Verbs ending in -ir with the stem vowel e change to ie

PronounDivertir (to have a good time)Mentir (to lie)
Yodiviertomiento
diviertesmientes
Él/Ella/Usteddiviertemiente
Nosotros/nosotrasdivertimosmentimos
Vosotros/vosotrasdivertísmentís
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedesdiviertenmienten
Stem changing Verbs ending in -ir in the Present Tense

Examples:

Lucy y los niñas se divierten en el parque.
Lucy and the girls have fun in the park.

Robert siempre miente sobre su edad.
Robert always lies about his age.

Verbs ending in -ir with the stem vowel o change to ue

PronounDormir (to sleep)Morir (to die)
Yoduermomuero
duermesmueres
Él/Ella/Ustedduermemuere
Nosotros/nosotrasdormimosmorimos
Vosotros/vosotrasdormísmorís
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedesduermenmueren
Stem changing Verbs ending in -ir in the Present Tense

Examples:

Los domingos duermo unas nueve horas.
On Sundays I sleep about nine hours.

Como dice el refrán: ¡Por la boca muere el pez!
As the saying goes: By the mouth dies the fish!

Verbs ending in -ir with the stem vowel e change to i

PronounMedir (to measure)Repetir (to repeat)
Yomidorepito
midesrepites
Él/Ella/Ustedmiderepite
Nosotros/nosotrasmedimosrepetimos
Vosotros/vosotrasmedísrepetís
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedesmidenrepiten
Stem changing Verbs ending in -ir in the Present Tense

Examples:

Katherine mide los muebles para su nueva casa.
Katherine measures the furniture for her new house.

Siempre repites la misma canción.
You always repeat the same song.

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